All About the Great Lakes of North America

Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario, form the Great Lakes, straddling the United States and Canada to make up the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world. Collectively they contain 5,439 cubic miles of water (22,670 cubic km), or about 20% of all the earth’s freshwater, and cover an area of 94,250 square miles (244,106 square km). Several other minor lakes and rivers are also included in the Great Lakes region including the Niagra River, Detroit River, St. Lawrence River, St. Marys River, and the Georgian Bay. There are 35,000 islands estimated to be located on the Great Lakes, created by millennia of glacial activity. Interestingly, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are connected by the Straits of Mackinac and can be technically considered a single lake. The Formation of the Great Lakes The Great Lakes Basin (the Great Lakes and the surrounding area) began to form about two billion years ago, almost two-thirds the age of the earth. During this period, major volcanic activity and geologic stresses formed the mountain systems of North America, and after significant erosion, several depressions in the ground were carved. Some two billion years later the surrounding seas continuously flooded the area, further eroding the landscape and leaving a lot of water behind as they went away. More recently, about two million years ago, it was glaciers that advanced over and back across the land. The glaciers were upwards of 6,500 feet thick and further depressed the Great Lakes Basin. When the glaciers finally retreated and melted approximately 15,000 years ago, massive quantities of water were left behind. It is these glacier waters that form the Great Lakes today. Many glacial features are still visible on the Great Lakes Basin today in the form of glacial drift, groups of sand, silt, clay and other unorganized debris deposited by a glacier. Moraines, till plains, drumlins, and eskers are some of the most common features that remain. The Industrial Great Lakes The shorelines of the Great Lakes stretch a little over 10,000 miles (16,000 km), touching eight states in the U.S. and Ontario in Canada, and make an excellent site for the transportation of goods. It was the primary route used by early explorers of North America  and was a major reason for the great industrial growth of the Midwest throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, 200 million tons a year are transported using this waterway. Major cargoes include iron ore (and other mine products), iron and steel, agriculture, and manufactured goods. The Great Lakes Basin also is home to 25%, and 7% of Canadian and U.S. agricultural production, respectively. Cargo ships are aided by the system of canals and locks built on and between the lakes and rivers of the Great Lakes Basin. The two major sets of locks and canals are: The Great Lakes Seaway, consisting of the Welland Canal and the Soo Locks, allowing ships to pass by the Niagra Falls and the rapids of the St. Marys River.The St. Lawrence Seaway, extending from Montreal to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. Altogether this transportation network makes it possible for ships to travel a total distance of 2,340 miles (2765 km), all the way from Duluth, Minnesota to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In order to avoid collisions when traveling on the rivers connecting the Great Lakes, ships travel upbound (west) and downbound (east) in shipping lanes. There are around 65 ports located on Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway system. 15 are international and include Burns Harbor at Portage, Detroit, Duluth-Superior, Hamilton, Lorain, Milwaukee, Montreal, Ogdensburg, Oswego, Quebec, Sept-Iles, Thunder Bay, Toledo, Toronto, Valleyfield, and Port Windsor. Great Lakes Recreation About 70 million people visit the Great Lakes every year to enjoy their water and beaches. Sandstone cliffs, high dunes, extensive trails, campgrounds, and diverse wildlife are just some of the many attractions of the Great Lakes. It is estimated that $15 billion is spent every year on leisure activities every year. Sportfishing is a very common activity, partly because of the Great Lakes size, and also because the lakes are stocked year after year. Some of the fish include bass, bluegill, crappie, perch, pike, trout, and walleye. Some non-native species such as salmon and hybrid breeds have been introduced but have generally not succeeded. Chartered fishing tours are a major part of the Great Lakes tourism industry. Spas and clinics are popular tourist attractions also, and a couple well with some of the serene waters of the Great Lakes. Pleasure-boating is another common activity and is more successful than ever as more and more canals are built to connect the lakes and surrounding rivers. Great Lakes Pollution and Invasive Species Unfortunately, there have been concerns about the quality of water of the Great Lakes. Industrial waste and sewage were the primary culprits, specifically phosphorus, fertilizer, and toxic chemicals. In order to control this issue, the governments of Canada and the United States joined to sign the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in 1972. Such measures have drastically improved the quality of water, though pollution still finds its way into the waters, primarily through agricultural runoff. Another major concern in the Great Lakes is non-native invasive species. An unanticipated introduction of such species can drastically alter evolved food chains and destroy local ecosystems. The end result of this is a loss of  biodiversity. Well-known invasive species include the zebra mussel, Pacific salmon, carp, lamprey, and alewife.

The Prehistory Of The Mind - 833 Words

When asked â€Å"What makes us human?†, most would say what differentiates humans from other primates and animals is our rationale, our ability to regulate emotions, and also the cognitive computational processes we have to understand complex social situations. In the book The Prehistory of the Mind, the author proposes that the evolution of the prefrontal cortex over the course of history is responsible for these executive processes that result in modern humanity’s cognitive fluidity -- the ability to combine and use intellectual information across specific domains (Mithen 1996). Given its essentialness to the human mind, it is no surprise that any physical deformity or activity abnormality in the prefrontal cortex leads to numerous psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Emotions and rational thinking are vital to the human experience because these two components make it possible for us to interpre t both the internal world within us and the external environment that surrounds us. When we problem solve, we rely on our emotional intelligence and our rational thinking process. The control stemming from the prefrontal cortex allows us to combine these two components when resolving conflicts (Armstern 2009). Its inhibition over the emotional brain – the amygdala, is the foundation for our ability to regulate positive and negative states of mind (Ray 251-252). Dysfunction in the activity of the prefrontalShow MoreRelatedDiscovering Prehistory : Chapter 11687 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 - Notes Michael Lehmann Discovering Prehistory - Chapter 1 The author Joy McCorriston, was a student at the Institute of Archaeology in London and found out about the chance to visit the Lascaux cave from a radio show contest. Although she didn’t â€Å"win† she was lucky enough to join the tour. She listens to stories from Monsieur Jaceues Marshal, a discoverer of the cave and the cave’s guard as she gets to tour the cave. Lascaux Cave’s discovery had come about because four localRead MoreThe Monsters And Their Origin1412 Words   |  6 PagesMonster Stephen T. Asma has given an analysis of the monsters and their origin. Besides, he gives a definition on the fears of human beings regarding the monsters. The prejudices and fears date back to prehistory and the developments in evolution that have occurred throughout in humanity. The prehistory gives an account of the concerns that people have in today s world. The author uses the term monster to describe myths and physical deformities. Stephen Asma uses the term to describe that there areRead MoreEarly Expression Of Religious Art1597 Words   |  7 Pagesera. Evidence of burial with grave goods and the appearance of anthropomorphic images and cave paintings may suggest that humans in the Upper Paleolithic had begun to believe in supernatural beings. According to Steven Mithen author of The Prehistory of the Mind â€Å"by arriving at original thoughts, which are often highly creative and rely on metaphor and analogy modern humans differ from archaic humans†. This leap o f creativity is visible in the paintings of Chauvet (fig 5) which have been datedRead More The United States’ Lack of Mental Health Care1598 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorders. Many people who were born with mental disorders grow up knowing they have a problem, but people who develop them later in age don’t understand how to cope with it. In prehistory, the idea of a mental illness was challenging to comprehend. The people of these ancient times thought it was magical spirits overcoming the mind. Shamans were called to perform rituals or spells. Shamans also gave the people with mental illness drugs or performed surgeries like trepanning. Trepanning was the processRead MoreThe Relation of Consciousness to the Material World Essays707 Words   |  3 PagesMaterial Worl The relation of consciousness to the material world is puzzle, which has its origin in dualism, a philosophy of mind which posits their fundamental separation. Dualism, in turn, has its roots in folk wisdom. The belief that humans are more than bodies and that there is something in human nature that survives bodily death has its origins in prehistory; it becomes explicit in the mythology of Ancient Egypt and Assyria and was formulated into a philosophical position in the PlatonicRead MoreEdward Bernett Was An English Anthropologist And The Founder Of Cultural Anthropology984 Words   |  4 Pagescultural anthropology. Tylor was focused on defining the context of the scientific study of anthropology that was based on evolutionary theories inspired by Darwin and Lyell. His stance as an evolutionist fueled his belief that researching the prehistory and the history of man could be used to compare and reform modern societies. Therefore, through the use of the comparative method and hist orical ethnography, which included travel logs, Tylor attempted to reveal the stages of development of cultures/civilizationsRead MoreEssay on Body Art543 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen practiced since the time of the ancient Egyptians. H.G Wells stated, In all ages, far back into prehistory, we find human beings have painted and adorned themselves#8230; In some cultures tattoos are considered a sign of maturity, or nobility. In the American culture tattoos are a sign of individualism and fashion. When most people think of body painting, the image that come to mind is more likely that of a Massai worrier. Yet we all paint our bodies for reasons of identification, ritualRead MoreAsdfghjkl894 Words   |  4 Pages(paleoanthropology), prehistoric people (bioarchaeology), and the biology (e.g., health, cognition, hormones, growth and development) and genetics of living populations. * Archaeology Archaeologists study past peoples and cultures, from the deepest prehistory to the recent past, through the analysis of material remains, ranging from artifacts and evidence of past environments to architecture and landscapes. Material evidence, such as pottery, stone tools, animal bone, and remains of structures, is examinedRead MoreEssay on Art in Society726 Words   |  3 PagesWithout art, the world would be a vast empty void of uncreative, unimaginative, non-colourful, bland society; Toast with no butter or topping; boring, life-draining death of the mind. 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Marriage In The Renaissance Era Free Essays

Irvin Alfalfa Mrs.. Fever English 1 (College Prep) April 26, 2013 Marriage in the Renaissance Era Marriage customs today are very different than those of the Renaissance era. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage In The Renaissance Era or any similar topic only for you Order Now During this era women had limited options in marriage and life. In Michael Best’s article, â€Å"The Age of Marriage,† he indicates that although people did not get married as young as people believed, marriage was still not so much about love. For example, â€Å"in some noble houses marriages were indeed made at a young age for reasons of property and family alliance,† (Best, 1). A clear example of this is that Caplet wants Juliet to marry Paris to expand their name and alliances. Juliet did not love Paris but was being forced into marrying him by her parent’s. In addition, girls were obliged to marry a man that was successful and rich. This narrowed down the limited choices for women and although young girls had no interest in marrying they had to in order to get wealthier and have a better life. However, children of noble birth ran a great risk if they tried to marry without their parent’s prior approval, since they would be feet with no resources. Some marriages were in fact based on love but it was very rare because the bridegroom may not have been wealthy or known. Novel Guider’s article, â€Å"The Institution of Marriage in Renaissance Era,† implies that marriage was both secular and sacred. For example, secularly, it served as a coming together of two parties interested in obtaining property, money, or political alliances. This was the main goal of noble homes. Some marriages were also sacred in that it assured the love of a man and woman and searched for reproduction. William Shakespearean ark displays the sacredness of love and marriage. However, some families did not force marriages because, â€Å"the best marriages were those that were equally consensual and desired by both parties,† (novel guide, 1). Freedom of choice varied for each child in a family. Each child had a certain amount of freedom in choosing their mate. The eldest son was under the greatest pressure since he inherited the majority of the land. His marriage was often critical to the families survival because they depended on him for financial support. This article somewhat contradicts Michael Best’s article in which he states that all marriages where forced on. Jeremy Goldberg article, â€Å"The Right to Choose: Woman, Consent and Marriage in Late Medieval England,† suggests that marriage was indeed forced on, but by not only parent’s. Jeremy Goldberg provides an example in which a girl was forced by her attacker to agree to marry him. This was very common during this era. Men eager for money and land would force wealthy and innocent girls into marrying them. John Dale was a man who used physical violence and the threat of it to con Agnes into marrying him. In all, these three articles provide examples of marriage being an important for both men and woman. Some marriages were made to have more wealth and land while others were made simply because two partners loved each other very much. Some marriages were so important that men would take drastic measures in order to have a wife. And although women had very limited options and were considered a minority, they managed to have a good life if they chose the right man. Very much has changed during the years. Best, Michael. â€Å"The Age of Marriage. † Roughage Ballads. University of Victoria How to cite Marriage In The Renaissance Era, Papers

Health Promotion Activity Of The Good For Kids †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Health Promotion Activity Of The Good For Kids. Answer: Introduction: Obesity in children and adolescents is considered a public health problem in both developed and developing countries, due to the increase in prevalence and the consequences on the health of the population. Excess weight increases the risk of chronic non- communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, in addition to causing a great health cost (Flegal, Panagiotou Graubard, 2015). The problem of obesity is now widely seen in early childhood and this has become a major public health burden both in Australia and worldwide. More than 42 million children under five are reported to be overweight and suffering from obesity worldwide. The prevalence of child obesity in Australia is also high compared to other developing countries as one in every five children in Australia become overweight by the time they start their schooling. There are about 5% children between 2-4 years who have been classified with obesity and obesity related behaviors are establ ished in early childhood (Brown et al., 2017). Many programs or initiative implemented by state and local organization play a role in creating supportive environment to promote healthy living behaviors in people and prevent obesity (Cdc.gov, 2018). The main purpose of this report is to evaluate the health promotion activity of The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program implemented for preventing obesity in Australia and discuss the activities of the program in relation to the action areas of the Ottawa Charter. Need for selected health promotion activity: The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program was one of the largest childhood obesity prevention trial that was implemented in Australia for the prevention and treatment of obesity. The five year obesity prevention trial was implemented in the Hunter New England area service from 2006-2011 and the main purpose was to prevent obesity and overweight in children from 0-15 years of age. It was part of NSWs Live Life Well initiative and influenced services and programs to prevent obesity (Hnehealth.nsw.gov.au. 2018). The need for such kind of health promotion activity arose after the acceleration of the rate of obesity in children with time. The rate of child obesity in Australia increased from 5% in 1995 to 8% in 2007-2008 and the Australian government also announced the need to develop health promotion activities related to healthy eating and physical activity guideline (Abs.gov.au. 2009). Changes in lifestyle and sedentary living have been the main reason for teenagers and youths in Austra lia to become obese. Evident also suggest that diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior are modifiable determinants of obesity and these factors interact in a complex way and contribute to overweight and obesity (Leech, McNaughton Timperio, 2014). Hence, The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program was implemented to change eating habits of children and promote physical activity and create opportunities for children and families to lead a healthy life. Obesity is a systemic, chronic and multifactorial disease involving genetic susceptibility and lifestyles and the environment, influenced by various underlying determinants, such as globalization, culture, economic condition, education, urbanization and the political and social environments. Obesity can reduce the life expectancy of people in up to 8 years and in 19 years of life without diseases, according to a study published today in the medical journal. It is considered that a BMI below 18.5 indicates malnutrition or some health problem, while one over 25 indicates overweight. Above 30 there is mild obesity, and above 40 there is high obesity (Barbour, 2011). The review of current statistics for obesity in children and youth revealed that one in every four Australian children were overweight or obesity in 2014-2017 and overweight and obesity was attributable for 5% of the burden of disease in 2011 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017). Hence, the need for urgent gove rnment and public health agency is clear from such prevalence rate. The number of children who are overweight or obese has doubled in Australia currently and the main cause for this trend are inappropriate eating habits, lack of physical activity and unhealthy food choices. The importance of health promotion activity to prevent obesity is recognized because of the rise in health problems due to obesity as well as social problems like teasing by peers and issues of low-esteem in children. Apart from the burden on the health system, obesity also increases psychological consequences for children at an early age. Obesity has an impact on self-esteem of children and results in emotional problem, depression, anxiety. It ultimately has an impact on quality of life and protective factors of children (Russell-Mayhew et al., 2012). Therefore, public health policy and health promotion campaign in the area of obesity are necessary to improve population health. The effectiveness of The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program in modifying lifestyle, eating habits and physical activity level of youths and children is discussed in the next section. Potential impact of the selected health promotion activity: The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program was implemented by the NSW Government for the people living in Hunter, New England and Lower Middle North Coast of Australia. The main goal of the program was to reduce the problem of overweight and obesity in children up to 15 years and contribute to the development of appropriate policies and practice to curb rate of childhood obesity (Hnehealth.nsw.gov.au., 2018). The action implemented to fulfill the goal of the program is also related to some of the action areas mentioned in the Ottawa Charter for health promotion. The Ottawa Charter for health promotion developed on 21st November, 1986 provided five action areas to guide health promotion activities. These included building public health policy, creating supportive environment, strengthening community actions, developing personal skills and reorienting health care services towards the prevention of illness and promotion of health (Gagn Lapalme, 2017). By reviewing the specific action of the program, it is understood that the program worked towards building public health policy to prevent obesity in Australia. For example, developing programs for schools and child care setting that target policy development, parent engagement and education in the area of nutrition and physical activity was one of the specific intervention of the The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program (Hnehealth.nsw.gov.au., 2018). Building policies related to health issue is an important part of health promotion as policies and guideline influence dietary guideline, regulates food marketing and ultimately influence the food choices made by people (Zhang et al., 2014). Parallel with The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program goal, several activities were implemented in Hunter, New England area to promote the health of kids and modify their lifestyle. For instance, training programs were implemented for child care staffs regarding healthy menus, lunch boxes and physical activity level in children (Hnehealth.nsw.gov.au., 2018). This action is related to the Ottawa Charter action area of strengthening community action as the action of educating child care staffs regarding healthy diet and physical activity paved way for empowering the people interacting with children and strengthening their participation for the health and well-being of children (Gagn Lapalme, 2017). By providing training to health care staffs, the program had the potential to raise awareness of children and their parents regarding healthy food habits and lifestyle. By this action, the people directly involved with children such as parents and school staffs could advocate for primary p revention of obesity (Flynn, 2015). Hence, by adapting the action area of strengthening community action as mentioned in the Ottawa Charter, the The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program enabled better planning and targeting of resource to prevent childhood obesity in Australia. The similarity of the action implemented as part of the The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program to the action areas of the Ottawa Charter is also understood from the fact that collaboration with health care providers were done to identify children at risk of weight problem. Sports clubs were also given the opportunity to motivate children to participate in physical activity and learn about healthier menu options (Hnehealth.nsw.gov.au., 2018. This paved way fulfilling the action area of developing personal skills and reorienting the health service in the region. By giving special attention to children at high risk of obesity, the needs of the target population was fulfilled. It resulted in development of healthy eating guideline. The program also had the potential to reorient health services as by identifying vulnerable people, new system to help target group know about healthy weight, nutrition and physical activity became possible (Kumar Preetha, 2012). In low income parents, lack of nutrition knowledge among parents also contribute to overweight and obesity related problem and community based effort to create awareness about healthy diet promote obesity prevention (Wintrup, 2010). In this way, the program had the potential to control all risk factors that contribute to obesity during childhood. Implementation of selected health promotion activity: The manner in which any healthy promotion activity is implemented determines the success of the program in reducing health issue of concern to public health. The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program worked by involving health care providers, school staffs, child care services and support staffs in care. To deliver primary prevention services related to obesity, the programs first prioritized building the capacity of seven community settings such as primary schools, child care services, general practitioners, nurse practitioners, Junior Community Sports Club, Community Service Organisation, Aboriginal Health Service Staff and the HNE health services (Health.nsw.gov.au. 2018). By following this approach during the implementation phase of the program, the Ottawa Charters principle of developing personal skill was fulfilled. Capacity building is an important aspect of health promotion activities as it promotes advocacy and increase involvement of organizations, communities or system in p reventive efforts. Other benefits of working across different community sector for realization of health promotion goal are such actions has the potential to empower organization and strengthen community action to empower sustainable health behavior in the community. The manner in which partnership is created between different agencies determines the success of any health promotion activity (Todd et al., 2017). To favor implementation of The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program in target setting, the goals and action of the plan were translated at the state and regional level. By adapting the capacity building approach, the health promotion activity informed implementation of the National Preventive Partnership Health Children Initiative. At the regional level, the gaols of the programs has been translated to action by development of innovative child obesity prevention services at school and promoting development of new services like smoking cessation services in clinical care setting (Health.nsw.gov.au., 2018). It is a challenging process to translate and disseminate health promotion intervention in real setting, however when competing priorities are addressed and agencies are involved in the process, the process of translating the goals in real setting becomes easier (Page-Reeves et al., 2015). From the review of the process by which the program is implemented, it can be concluded communi ty participation and capacity building is an essential tenet for empowering population group to change health behavior and persists with healthy habits. Apart from the implementation process, the success or failure of The Good for Kids, Good for Life Program is also understood from the outcome of the program and its effectiveness in reducing the rate of overweight or obese children in Australia. Effectiveness of the selected health promotion activity: Health promotion campaigns develop specific goals after assessment of health risk and prioritization of health needs of population group and the effectiveness of the implementation process is understood from improvement in health outcome of specific group. In case of five year prvenetion trial the Good for Kids, Good for Life Program implemented in Australia, the effectiveness of the trial is understood from the review of figures on participation of community agencies, improvement in healthy eating and physical activity behaviors of children and weight status of the target group at the start and end of the program. The review of the outcome revealed that by adapting the capacity building approach, about 80% of the community settings were engaged in the program. High level of engagement of Hunter New England schools and child care services in the obesity prevention program were seen compared to rest of the state (Health.nsw.gov.au, 2018). Considering such high rate of participation, i t is evident the impact on health behavior of children would be huge too. Jones et al. (2015) also confirmed that after the implementation of the Good for Kids, Good for Life Program, the number of services implementing written nutrition and physical activity policy increased. Hence, the programs fulfilled its vision of developing more policies in the area of childhood obesity prevention. The programs improved provision for adult guided activities to physical activity and healthy diet for children. The most vital outcome measure for the success of the Good for Kids, Good for Life Program was the improvement in prevalence rate for overweight and obesity and improvement in healthy behavior of Australian children. The improvement in health activity behavior was assessed by the rate of consumption of soft drinks, water, fruits and vegetable intake in children, whereas the improvement in physical activity behavior was measured by the time spent inn children activity. In all these parameters, positive improvement were seen in children in the year 2010 compared to 2010. In addition, while calculation the reduction in overweight and obesity for Hunter New England children, it was found that the prevalence rate of obesity reduced by 1% every year and for girls, the reduction in prevalence rate was 7.4% (Health.nsw.gov.au, 2018). This result suggests that statistically significant improvement in health behavior were found. From this result, it can be concluded that Good for Kids, Good fo r Life Program was successful in getting many positive outcome. By employing community agencies, the programs strengthened capacity for healthy eating and physical activity. Secondly, the program was effective in influencing service delivery both locally and nationally and getting positive changes in number of obesity related behavior too. The program is also renowned for the developing succession of state plans and policies to reduce child obesity and obesity related determinants. Conclusion: The report looked at the issue of increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Australia. Since, obesity is an issue that increases the risk of chronic disease, mental health consequence and social issues for children and youth in the community, evaluating the role of health promotion activity to address the issue for important. The report evaluated the Good for Kids, Good for Life Program to understand how the campaign followed the actions areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and took appropriate steps to reduce the steep rise in prevalence of overweight and obesity among Australian children. After the critical review of the goals, implementation process and outcomes of the program, it can be concluded that that the Good for Kids, Good for Life Program was an innovative approach to reduce obesity in Hunter New England region and build evidence for framing more policies to prevent obesity. By taking multi-setting community building approach, it was successful in addressi ng behavioral determinant of childhood obesity and improving health behavior of children. In future, health promotion activities should focus on capacity building to empower community and strengthen their participation in preventive work. References: Abs.gov.au. (2009). 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 200910. Retrieved 8 April 2018, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/1301.0Chapter11062009%E2%80%9310 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2017).Overweight obesity Overview - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Retrieved 8 April 2018, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-statistics/behaviours-risk-factors/overweight-obesity/overview Barbour, S. (2011).Obesity. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press(P. 36). Brown, V., Moodie, M., Baur, L., Wen, L. M., Hayes, A. (2017). The high cost of obesity in Australian pre?schoolers.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,41(3), 323-324. Cdc.gov (2018). Strategies to Prevent Obesity | Overweight Obesity | CDC. Retrieved 8 April 2018, from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/strategies/index.html Flegal, K. M., Panagiotou, O. A., Graubard, B. I. (2015). Estimating population attributable fractions to quantify the health burden of obesity.Annals of epidemiology,25(3), 201-207. Flynn, M. A. (2015). Empowering people to be healthier: public health nutrition through the Ottawa Charter.Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,74(3), 303-312. Gagn, T., Lapalme, J. (2017). 1986: Ottawa and onwards.The Lancet Public Health,2(2), e71. Health.nsw.gov.au. (2018). Good for Kids. Good for Life. Child Obesity Prevention Program Healthy Living Retrieved 8 April 2018, from https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/innovation/2013awards/Documents/good-for-kids-good-for-life-child-obesity-prevention-web-22.pdf Hnehealth.nsw.gov.au. (2018). Good for kids. Good for Life. Retrieved 8 April 2018, from https://www.hnehealth.nsw.gov.au/hneph/Nutrition/Pages/Good-for-kids--Good-for-Life.aspx Hnehealth.nsw.gov.au. (2018). Good for kids. Good for Life. Retrieved 8 April 2018, from https://www.hnehealth.nsw.gov.au/hneph/Nutrition/Documents/GoodForKidsProgramOverview.pdf Jones, J., Wyse, R., Finch, M., Lecathelinais, C., Wiggers, J., Marshall, J., ... Fielding, A. (2015). Effectiveness of an intervention to facilitate the implementation of healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices in childcare services: a randomised controlled trial.Implementation Science,10(1), 147. Kumar, S., Preetha, G. S. (2012). Health promotion: an effective tool for global health.Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive Social Medicine,37(1), 5. Leech, R. M., McNaughton, S. A., Timperio, A. (2014). The clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents: a review.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,11(1), 4. Page-Reeves, J., Davis, S., Romero, C., Chrisp, E. (2015). Understanding agency in the translation of a health promotion program.Prevention Science,16(1), 11-20. Russell-Mayhew, S., McVey, G., Bardick, A. and Ireland, A., 2012. Mental health, wellness, and childhood overweight/obesity.Journal of obesity,2012. Todd, A., Todd, A., Thomson, K., Hillier-Brown, F., McNamara, C., Huijits, T., Bambra, C. (2017). Key messages: Inheriting from the diffusion of innovations theory, recent health promotion capacity-building literature has mostly focused on community capacity-building. Other distinctive traits in the literature include global-level.European Journal of Public Health,27, 3. Wintrup, H. M. (2010). The Parents' Role in Childhood Obesity, Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/psycdsp/15/ Zhang, Q., Liu, S., Liu, R., Xue, H., Wang, Y. (2014). Food policy approaches to obesity prevention: An international perspective.Current obesity reports,3(2), 171-182.

401K Essays - Retirement Plans In The United States,

401K 401K, the retirement savings plan turned 20 this month. It has become the centerpiece retirement vehicle for millions of employees since it was kicked off on January 1, 1981. A 401K is a retirement plan set up by employers & named after the part of the Internal Revenue Code that spells out the rules- section 401, paragraph K. When you join a 401K you agree to contribute part of your salary or any gains on your money until you withdraw it at retirement. As an added attraction of the 401K is that some employees offer a match, meaning that for every dollar you save up to a certain amount, your boss will also make a contribution, which could range from 10 cents to 50 cents up to $1. This essientially is free money to you. Speech and Communications

10 Principles of Writing for the Web

10 Principles of Writing for the Web 10 Principles of Writing for the Web 10 Principles of Writing for the Web By Mark Nichol Writing for online reading is basically the same as writing for print publications. â€Å"Writing for the Web† is more about the presentation than the content itself, but it does require a shift in thinking and some mechanical changes to prose. Here are some tips: 1. Introductory Text Site visitors rarely read introductory paragraphs on their first visit. Why? Most people arrive at a site via a search engine, so they often bypass the home page. Others, of course, follow a link to a home page, or click on a Home link inside the site to see what else it has to offer, so an introduction isn’t useless, but make it short and sweet, answering the what and the why in as few words as possible. The same goes for introductory text on interior pages. 2. Points of Entry Most people scan, rather than read, Web pages, at least initially. Many, of course, read entire articles and essays, but home pages and other top-level pages should catch visitors’ attention with scannable text like linked or unlinked keywords, practical (not clever) display copy (otherwise known as headings, subheads, and the like), and bullet lists. 3. Pare Paragraphs Brief paragraphs that contain just one idea are ideal for online readers. (See?) 4. Key Facts First Employ the inverted-pyramid model of writing, based on journalistic style, in which the most important information is featured first, followed by decreasingly significant information. One advantage of this strategy is the same one that made it integral in newspaperese: If content is too long, it’s easier just to cut from the bottom rather than try to delete passages throughout. (You can always repurpose the deleted content for another article, or, like many online newspapers, have visitors click to a new page to finish reading.) 5. Link In and Out Provide links to related material on your Web site and on others. Don’t be concerned that visitors won’t come back to your site once they leave; if you routinely send them to good material, and you have good material waiting when they return, they’ll return. 6. Say It Straight Chant your new mantra: SWYM, MWYS. (Say what you mean, mean what you say.) Objectivity equals authority; avoid marketese, promotional excess, hyperbole whatever you want to call it. If people trust you to be evenhanded in your writing style, they will trust you. Also, be literal, not figurative: If, in a heading for a sports story, you use metaphorical language like curse instead of something more concrete like â€Å"losing streak,† you lose the opportunity for search optimization. 7. 1st Words Count Many site visitors scan in a rough F pattern, keeping their eyes on your page’s left-hand margin as they dart slightly along each line before dropping to the beginning of the next. Make the first dozen or so characters in your display type count. Avoid bland and coined terms, and start with keywords. 8. Be Passive Don’t go out of your way to avoid passive sentence construction, at least in initial sentences. Why? â€Å"Mark Nichol recommends that online writers embrace the passive voice so that key information appears up-front in sentences† breaks the rule recommended in the previous paragraph. Who cares about Mark Nichol? Start with the point of the sentence: â€Å"Passive voice is recommended by Mark Nichol to help online writers place key information up-front in sentences.† Of course, you can also place important words at the head of an active sentence: â€Å"Passive voice is useful for placing key information up-front in online writing.† (And leave me out of it.) Note, of course, that not every first sentence in a paragraph or even a section needs to be headed by keywords, but don’t pass up an opportunity to do so. 9. Write Well The best way to attract visitors to your site is to provide them with high-quality content. It may not get them there, but it will keep them coming back. 10. Break Rules Disregard any and all of these rules as you see fit, but know them and apply them often. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs Enquire"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?Especially vs. Specially

Essential of investments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essential of investments - Assignment Example The accrued interest on the bond turned out to be $2.42. The YTMs were calculated using the YIELD function on excel, with settlement date and maturity date taken at a difference of 10 years, coupon rate being 14% and then reduced to half at 7%, the bond price being $900, redemption value being $1000, and 1 coupon annually. The YTM based on what the firm promised is 2.55%. However, based on what the investors expect after the lenders and the firm agreed to lower the payments the YTM became 1.80%. The expected YTM is lower than the YTM investors were actually promised. a. The initial price is calculated as P=$705.46, with [n=20, I/Y=8, PMT=50, FV=1000]. The price in the next period would be P=$793.29, with [n=19, I/Y=7, PMT=50, FV=1000]. Therefore the HPR is 19.53% calculated as, [{50+(793.29-705.46)}/705.46] c. The 6% coupon bond performed better than the zero coupon bond in either case, when the interest rose or when they fell. This is probably due to the fact that the 6% coupon bond has a higher convexity. This shows that whenever we compare the change in yields of bonds by equal amounts as is in this question, the bond with higher convexity will always outperform the one with lower convexity. The duration was approximately equal but the convexity of both the bonds were different in this example which is always positive implies that the convexity effect always favors the higher convexity bond. d. Such a scenario where the bonds would be priced at the same yield to maturity if the rates changed in equal amounts cannot exist. No investor would buy a bond with a lower convexity as it always underperform the higher convexity bond. The price of the lower convexity bond will be low with a high YTM, which means that the higher yield is to compensate the investor for investing in a lower convextiy bond. The top-down method of security valuation is approach used

Biological Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Biological - Essay Example Policy makers as well as the public deserve to get adequate information on the scientific justifications behind the work of scientists, and also the moral justifications for their work, particularly in the cases that it raises moral questions (Smith, 2009). This paper will present a case against the use of nonhuman animals in biomedical research, with reference to pertinent ethical and scientific arguments. There is not a time, in the past, when a very honest and open debate regarding the scientific experimentation that uses animals was more important. A discourse about the use of animals in scientific experimentations is highly called for, taking into account that there are many moral, ethical and social dilemmas surrounding the use of animals in scientific experimentation (Conn and Parker, 2008). Through this paper, the author will present the case against the use of nonhuman animals in biomedical experimentation, with the aim of informing the public about the issues that need to be explored before the practice is legalized or allowed to continue. The criticisms leveled against the use of nonhuman animals in biomedical research are grounded on a variety of ethical and scientific arguments. Some of the criticisms presented against the use of nonhuman animals in biomedical research range from those questioning the validity of the scientific research to the advancement of human medical practices, to those questioning the ethical nature of such research. The first argument against the administration of biomedical research using animals is that the use of animals has remained debatable, with regards to whether it is ethically permissible and allowable (Rollin, 2006). This argument is supported by the moral philosophers that have presented moral/ethical issues that cannot dismissed without a good reason. It is important to take into account that the moral boundaries defining relations are dynamic,

Instructional iBook Project for UC Irvines Neurology Clerkship Thesis

Instructional iBook Project for UC Irvines Neurology Clerkship - Thesis Example all students in the clerkship are provided iPads, the iPads will also insure that students get 24 hour access to comprehensive learning tools and student support services. As a learning tool inside and outside of the classroom, the iBook will blend the theories of problem-based learning in interactive-simulated style to help these medical students practice their critical thinking while fostering intrinsic motivation to learn and collaborate with others. Not only will the iBook aid students with their own learning, but it will also give instructors a way to measure the progress of their students by gathering data about their student’s advancement through iBook simulations and iBook assessment exams. Overall, the project will help all medical students in the Neurology clerkship to better succeed in the program and become better critically thinking medical professionals in the process. The aim of this study is to develop and design an instructional iBook project for UC Irvine’s neurology clerkship. A review of the literature is conducted to establish the rationale for developing and designing an instructional iBook project for UC Irvine’s neurology clerkship. In this regard, the subjects covered include best practices for clinical instruction, instructor certification, student MD certification, and instructional technologies in clinical settings. Clinical instruction is ‘multifaceted and complex’ with the clinical instructor required to manage a number of duties and to ‘respond to competing demands (O’Conner, 2006, p. 27). The clinical instruction is required to have a ‘working knowledge of patients assigned to students’, and must also understand the ‘healthcare problems likely to be encountered and the treatments, procedures and policies that apply’ (O’Connor, 2006, p. 27). At the same time, although students have a common educational goal, they all have different ‘learning needs’ (O’Connor, 2006, p. 27). A common problem for

The phenomenon of globalization

The phenomenon of globalization WAL-MARTS FOREIGN ENTRY IN GLOBAL MARKETS The phenomenon of globalization has determined many firms to spread out to overseas markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the firms strategies for new market entry and the major issues they need to deal with while entering into new foreign markets and Wal-Mart is utilized as an example. During this expansion some firms succeeded and some failed also. Wal-Marts entry in the foreign market and its operations in the China and U.K where it was successful are examined and it can be inferred that the cultural differences and the political influences play a vital role in selecting entry mode and setting operational strategies. Also, In order to understand the failure in German retail market amongst many, the following influential factors will be considered that Germany has different culture and consumer behaviour, oligopoly market environment, unfavorable legislation and influential labour union. Additionally this entry and exit of Wal-mart affected, inevitably, other countries and most of the competitors in many aspects. In the domestic market of U.S , Wal-Mart has a considerable success. Since Wal-Mart began international operations in Mexico in 1991, it has violently expanded foreign investments all over the world, including Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Far East. Wal-Mart expanded its international operations such as in United Kingdom, South America and China where its going highly successful , whereas in South Korea and German markets its operations were unsuccessful and it was forced to pull out of these markets mainly due to sustained losses in an incompatible culture and highly competitive market. However, Wal-mart failed to position itself when trying to penetrate the German retail market through replicating its US strategies. Initially, firms should have clear purpose for expanding overseas. Firms tend to go international for many different reasons, for example, firms may be interested in structuring a global brand image, the home market may be saturated, external initiatives to spread the product, or grabbing more market share etc. Prior to entering a particular foreign market, firms need to look upon the consumer purchasing power, market size, entry barriers, political stability and cultural and language differences. Culture plays an essential role in shaping whether a firm can last in a foreign market. . Consumers in different cultures may have different attitudes toward the same product and may value things differently. Therefore, international managers should take into account the cultural factor carefully in decision-making. Furthermore, Psychic distance also requires to be carefully addressed in the market selection stage. Psychic distance is defined as factors precluding or disturbing the flows of information between firms and markets in terms of differences in culture, language, political systems, levels of industrial development, etc (Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). Theoretically firms have a tendency to penetrate psychically close market to moderate risk. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Wal-Mart) is the worlds biggest American retail corporation in the world. Wal-Mart is a company which is renowned for its influence on US government. Wal-Mart has a friendly legislature and government policy in accordance to its company policies and method which indeed helps them to achieve goal such as restricting tariff protections, limiting port security, the elimination of the estate tax and obtaining lucrative subsidies. According to survey Wal-Mart has received 1.2 billion from US government in form of subsidies, grants and fund. Following are few examples which shows how US government helped Wal-Mart in US: More Than $1 Billion from tax-payer funded Subsidies. A May 2004 report analyzed how Wal-Mart received more than $1 billion from over 244 taxpayer-funded subsidies status, job training/recruiting funds, and general grants. Millions To broaden the Street to Its Headquarters. In 2005, a federal highway bill signed by President Bush of $35 million to broaden Eighth Street in Bentonville which goes to Wal-Marts corporate headquarters. Employing Teens in Unsafe Conditions. An agreement was signed by the Wal-Mart with the Departments Wage and Hours Division about future child labor conditions that the teens aged 16 and 17 are prohibited to participate in activities Negotiating for Weak Enforcement. An audit by the (OIG) of the child labor found an agreement between Wal-Mart and the Department of Labor which showed serious breakdowns in the WHD [Department of Labors Wage and Hour Division] process for developing, negotiating and approving such agreements. These resulted in the WHD entering into an agreement that gave substantial concessions to Wal-Mart. In the early 1990s, Wal-Mart was enforced to expand its business into the new foreign market due to critical U.S market conditions. Firstly, In the US it faced market saturation. Wal-Mart comes up with 200 new stores each year and this fast expansion results in the short distance between its old stores and new stores. Further, the retail price difference between Wal-Mart and its key competitors has been lessened so consumers had little incentive to go to Wal-Mart. Therefore, rather than summing up the market share from its competitors, the new stores in fact gained the market share from its old stores. Finally, the progress in demand was declining because of the decreasing family sizes in the U.S. (Kim 2008) . Taking into account, all these factors, the international expansion appears as a prior strategy for Wal-Mart to promote its business growth. Wal-Mart initiated to expand internationally in 1991 with the creation of a joint venture with Citra, S.A. de C.V, Mexicos largest retailer. According to the Wal-Mart they promote its growth internationally because We need to be the growth of Wal-Mart some day when the United States slows down (as cited in Molin, 2004). The company feels the international market as a alternate when there was limited growth in the US. After creating a joint venture in 1991, Wal-Mart came out as a large international player and within one and half decade it expanded its operations in globally in many countries. Wal-Mart did not use single strategy to enter in different countries. They decide on the basis of the business, competitive and economic environments that exist in. Wal-Mart made its presence in local markets by first considering the uniqueness of each market, and then by altering its business model to suit that market. After choosing the country like China, the management makes the decision after analyzing the environment that seemed to be positive in China. The China is a country with a history of tremendous level of 1.3 billion population. In China , the governments liberalization initiative and its open policy increased disposable income of consumers because of limited competition offered by similar business models its high constant economic growth and. The retail sale in China is $1.2 trillion in 2007 and the growth of market is expected $ 2.4 trillion by 2020, which indicates that there is a big opportunity for the company. These factors attracted the Wal-Mart company to research and make their presence in China. In 1996,Wal-Mart entered China and it grew slowly. Some people pointed out on its slow growth, but according to me, the strategy of slow growth helps the Company to examine the environment in a completely different culture with regard to US. Wal-Mart had taken up those merchandising and store designs that suits the Chinese consumer requirements best. The company also tries to adopt the local culture and sourced the products from local manufactures who are familiar with the local taste of the people. Company also met the government trade and business guidelines, by adopting such type of the environment it helped the company to grow and launch its expansion plans in China. Wal-Mart is also participating in CSR- corporate social responsibility such as by getting involved in the local community and the society by donating the funds and providing the kind support of $ 8 million over the past 13 years. All such awards achieved by the company itself show its achievement in China. Another issue that contributed to Wal-Marts success in China, was labour unionization. At first, Wal-Mart was reluctant to support the idea of unionization, but the constant efforts of All-China Federation of Trade Union led to formation of union amongst Wal-Mart employees, which has contributed positively to its success. Currently, Wal-Mart carries on 7,873 stores worldwide in 15 countries among which 3,615 stores in the foreign countries and remaining in the US. Moreover its international segment gives 24.6% of the companys total revenue in 2009 fiscal year. (Global Market Direct, 2009) However, even with such enhanced international sales, Wal-Marts international division is still faraway from its one-third of total sales goal, which it was essentially expected to achieve by 2005. (1999 Annual Report) If we analyse Wal-Marts international business, we will find out a mixed story. It had substantial success in Canada, China, Mexico and the United Kingdom, but it was unsuccessful to place itself in Germany and South Korea. Wal-Mart was leading retailer and employer in US for last decade. There were more than 5000 stores in US itself. This made easier for the firm in structuring a good brand image in spite of offering cheap products. Due to its knowledge, low pricing, strategic resources, geographical presence, strategic investment, product differentiation and managerial excellence, the firm constantly had an upper edge on its competitors and generally drives them out of the business. Further reasons for Wal-Marts success was its elite relations with bureaucrats and government. Government policies usually were in harmony to Wal-Mart business and strategies. Wal-Mart had many weaknesses and pit holes also despite of being worlds no. 1 company. Wal-Mart was always criticized for poor labour practices by labour unions. In US the average salary per hour is $ 13 where as in Wal-Mart the lowest salary rate is US$ 9 per hour. Employees have prolonged working hours around ten hours a day. Further Wal-Mart is charged for adopting the tax avoidance schemes. It has also build a great reputation for destroying small and medium business. Therefore its never greeted in any society. The main weakness of Wal-Mart has been its international operation. It struggled to create a great mark in international market especially in Germany unlike America. It has been losing money from the year it penetrated German market. It has also been found that in some cases those inferior quality products are being sold because of discounted price. As a result consumers who are not price elastic have a preference over other brands. It also bears the huge labour turnover, about 44% employees leave Wal-Mart every year according to the national survey. These were some major weakness that the firm desires to come up in near future for its survival and sustenance. A number of factors that resulted Wal-Marts failure in Germany are such as different corporate culture, political influence, stiff competition and inefficient management and marketing strategies. Firstly, David Wild CEO in 2004, believed that cultural differences between American and German consumers were considerable challenges to Wal-Mart. Debby CEO in 2006 concluded that German shoppers are accustomed to shop at small scale discount stores such as Aldi and Netto that provides a limited range of products with special offers each week and no customer service, unlike US customers. In addition to different corporate culture, the competition has become gradually more intense between Wal-Mart and domestic retailers. The price difference has so lessened that sometimes even Wal-Mart had a higher price than their competitors. Consequently, consumers had little incentive to visit Wal-Mart Germany because of no obvious price advantage. Some other factors that lead to Wal-Marts failure in Germany were, their strategy of acquiring the top competitor did not work, as the German government did its best to ensure the welfare of the domestic players. Also, due to wage restrictions, Wal-Mart could not practice wage bargaining, as it did back in U.S, this was a huge, uncommon expenditure for the company. Its American strategy of restricting employee freedom and forcing them to work extra hours, brought up problems of high labour turnover and a negative image as an employer. Wal-Mart failed to have an effective management at the top level. Its CEOs changed every year,this in an obvious way effected the companys performance. Wal-Mart constantly ignored the strictness of German laws, and was charged heavy penalties for doing so. One of the most challenging thing for Wal-Mart was capturing the market- share. As per German legislation it was illegal to sell products below cost,because of which Wal-Mart could never achieve the L ow price leader tag. It is impossible to smoothly run any organization, until there is co-operation between the employees and the employer. Wal-Mart faced a severe labour unrest,which hampered its brand-image. Kay Hafner,CEO of Wal-Mart reduced the wages to cut cost, this negatively influenced individual behaviour , as an anti-union decision. As suggested by Arndt and Knorr, a firm needs to understand the specifications when indulging in global expansion.Out of all the CEOs, only David Wild has been sensitive to cultural difference.He did bring about changes based on this understanding,which had some positive results,yet not profitable enough to impress investors for future investments. Moreover,as per German legislation their were some specific retail related laws,such as, limited legal working hours (80 hours/week) which were way less than the other European countries and had strict rules governing closure on Sundays and holidays. Wal-Mart repeatedly infringement German laws but were able to do away with it mainly because of global presence and influence on the government of US which played a major role in global politics. Some of incidences where the company broke few laws and was able to get away are summed up below:- unfair trade practices such as selling goods below the cost price was prohibited in Germany but Wal-Mart was found violating these laws as it randomly sold some product below cost. German law required a company to disclose it financial statements annually, Wal-Mart seldom did that and was spared without any fine or legal proceedings at number of occasions. Obligatory Deposit Regulationdings law stipulated the retailer to provide deposit-refund-system on few products like metal beverages, cans etc. But Wal-Mart never followed this law. Thus from the above incidences it can be concluded that Wal-Mart used its global influence to refrain from some of the German laws. However, because German culture is quite different from American culture and because of unfamiliarity with the legislation, it would be difficult for Wal-Mart to make marketing and promotion right. And in fact these difficulties had been proved in Wal-Mart Germany. Consequently, rather than choosing Germany as the gateway to Europe, virtually after two years of operating in Germany it had entered in U.K .Even though U.K is not in the Euro zone and its geographic location is less favorable than Germany, it has a similar culture and legal environment as U.S. which makes it easier to operate the companys business and strategies. It has considerable success in the UK market which is called by as a Wal-Mart-ready market[palmer 2005] .Therefore, the lessons learned from from Germany has proven useful for U.K. In the United Kingdom, Wal-Mart operates under its distinct organizational culture the Wal-Mart Way, where executives act as servants and employees are known as associates. Associates are empowered to adapt to local culture and are encouraged to try out new ideas. Consequently, associate cohesiveness is strengthened, and they are willing to work hard to achieve the best results. In addition, satisfying customer needs is always placed as main goal of the company. The company aims to offer British families the things they need at affordable prices, as well as providing superior customer service and convenience. Needless to say, Wal-Mart did face challenges initially even in U.K. The British Planning Policy(PPS6) has clearly limited the construction of huge retail outlets on the outskirts of a town, which was one of its most effective strategy in the U.S According to PPS6,the local governments were required to do so until there was a call for .Wal-Mart responded to this situation by protesting the restrictive policies to the top government officials. Eventually, Wal-Mart acquired an existing retail chain ASDA, and this proved to be fruitful as it served as the best strategic fit between the companies. In the UK, ASDA was the only operator with a consistent non-food offer and Wal-Marts organisational culture had already incorporated into ASDAs management principles before the acquisition taken place. Based on the above examination of Wal-Mart, it can be concluded that Wal-Mart possessed a great influence on the US government and it used its great influence to get various tax reliefs, subsidies etc and when it entered other countries like UK, China and Germany etc, it followed the same policy to influence the government and capitalize on these relationships. Besides that there were few incidences in which the US government helped Wal-Mart in its international operations and having good relations with the foreign government which brings about the companies involvement in global politics, which is the essence of the report. However,while expanding globally Wal-Mart besides carrying all these good relationships still had to confront with the cultural, political and the other economic factors when it entered in the foreign markets because Wal-Mart to be successful only transports its domestic policy to global markets. No such one strategy or model is applicable which is appropriatefor all the markets. Consequently ,Wal-Marts US model cant be consistently applied in other countries, even in UK whose culture is very alike to that of the US. Hence, adaptation to local culture and familiarity with its legislations is a crucial step for Wal-Mart or any firm while entering to the global markets. Therefore, Firms should always make cultural and political considerations as a part of strategic planning, and locating activities in countries that possess these attributes necessary for competing in these activities of foreign entry. REFERENCES IGO Retail Analysis. (2009). Company Summary-Introduction: Wal-Mart. [Online] Available from: http://www.igd.com/analysis/channel/profile_detail.asp?channelid=1channelitemid=27profileid=1541 [Accessed:2 November 2009] Buckley, J. Peter and Ghauri, N. Pervez (1999), The Internationalization of the firm: A Reader, 2nd Edition. London: International Thompson Business Press. Johanson, Jan and Finn Wiedersheim-Paul (1975), The Internationalization of the Firm: Four Swedish Case Studies, Journal of Management Studies, October, pp. 305-22. Johanson, J. and Vahlne Jan-Erik (1977), The Internationalization Process of the Firm- A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 8, Issue. 1, pp. 23-32 John Robin, Cox Howard, Grazia Letto-Gilles, Grimwade Nigel, Allen Michael, Finn Edward (2002), Global Business strategy. Thomson Osland, E. Gregory, Charles, R. Charles, and Zuo Shaoming (2001), Selecting international modes of entry and expansion, Marketing Intelligence Planning Journal, Vol.19, Issue 3, pp. 153-161. Ricker (2007) Internationalization Theory, http://www.studentbibliotek.se/doku.php/internationalization_theory Problems in international market, patiporn kitlertphiroj, University college of denver) Landler, M. and Barbaro, M., (2006). Wal-Mart finds that its formula doesnt fit every culture. The New York Times, August2.2.pp.1-3[online] Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/business/worldbusiness/02walmart.html?_r=1 Wal-Mart (n.d.): 3 Basic Belief Value,[online] Available from: http://walmartstores.com/AboutUs/321.aspx [Assessed: 25 October 2009] Eurofood (1999), Wal-Mart buys Asda in UK retail shock, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DQA/is_1999_June_17/ai_55041044/ Fernie, J., Arnold, S. (2002), Wal-Mart in Europe: prospects for Germany, the UK and France, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, Vol. 30, Issue.2, pp.92-102. Knorr, A. And Arndt, A. (2003), Why did Wal-Mart dail in Germany, available at: http://www.iwim.uni-bremen.de/publikationen/pdf/w024.pdf(accessed November 3, 2009). Pioch, E., Gerhard, U., Fernie, J. and Arnold, S. J. (2009), Consumer acceptance and market success: Wal-Mart in the UK and Germany, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Volume 37 Number 4, pp. 205-225. IGD Analysis (2005): Chinese Wal-Mart chant gets louder. [online] Available from http://www.igd.com/analysis/news/index.asp?nid=2094 [Accessed online: 2 November 2009] Christopherson, S. (2007). Barrier to US style lean retailing: the case of Wal-Mart failure in Germany. Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 4, No.7, pp.1-19 http://walmartwatch.com/blog/archives/secret_meeting_details_confirmed_wa_mart_lobbied_uk_government/ http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/4737/ http://joeg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/7/4/451 http://walmartwatch.com/issues/political_influence/ http://www.examiner.com/x-21521-Huntington-County-Political-Buzz-Examiner~y2009m11d28-Wal-Mart-does-again-this-time-in-Canada (http://www.themanagementor.com/kuniverse/kmailers_universe/mktg_kmailers/wal-mart.htm) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Mart) http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/WalMart-Stores-Inc-html)

The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq Essay

The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq The relationship between Kurds and Turkey has long been fraught with complications.? As rebuilding of Iraq is poised to begin, the question arises as to whether Turkey should take part in the reconstruction. I believe that Turkey is able to take a role in the peace process in Iraq, for it would prove advantageous to both Ankara and Washington.? However, I do not think that Turkey should take a role in restructuring, for their presence would undermine the peace process.? A role for Turkey would be resented not only by the Kurds in northern Iraq, but by the Iraqis as a whole. The Kurds are concentrated in northern Iraq.? Though it would be incorrect to assume that the Kurds are indicative of the Iraqi people, the Kurds do constitute a sizable minority, which accounts for approximately twenty percent of Iraq?s population.[i]? The Kurds have been marginalized for hundreds of years, most notably after the Great Powers reneged on their guarantee in the 1920 Treaty of Sevres to establish an independent Kurdish state and in 1991 when George Bush Senior encouraged the Kurds to ?take matters into their own hands,? and rebel against Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party, only to withdraw from Iraq shortly thereafter.[ii]? The Kurds are justified in resenting their derogatory treatment.? They were, it is believed, the region?s original inhabitants, present in Iraq in the seventh century.[iii] The Kurds have been ruthlessly targeted by Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party.? In 1975, the government in Baghdad initiated a process of ?Arabization? in northern Iraq, methodically exterminating the Kurdish population there.[iv] In 1988, the Anfal military campaign, led... ... Over Kurds. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 4 October 2003. [xxxv]? Purvis, Andrew.? ?Gathering Forces with Turkey. Time.? 10 February 2003: 23. [xxxvi]? ?Turkey?s Role Worries Kurds. The San Diego Union-Tribune.? 21 October 2003:? B2. [xxxvii]? ?The Battle for Northern Iraq. The Economist.? 22 March 2003. [xxxviii]? ?Turkey Moves Into Northern Iraq. APS Diplomat News Service.? 31 March 2003. [xxxix]? Ibid. [xl]? Gorvett, Jon.? ?Staking a Claim. The Middle East.? May 2003. [xli]? ?No Kurdish Imperialism for Us. The Economist.? 30 August 2003: 33. [xlii]? ?Kurds Block Turkish Mission. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 9 August 2003. [xliii]? Berenson, Alex.? ?The Struggle for Iraq. The New York Times.? 15 October 2003. [xliv]? Howard, Michael.? ?Kurds Say Turkish Troops Will Bring Chaos. The Observer.? 16 October 2003: 5. [xlv]? The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq Essay The Role of Turkey in the Pacification and Rebuilding of Iraq The relationship between Kurds and Turkey has long been fraught with complications.? As rebuilding of Iraq is poised to begin, the question arises as to whether Turkey should take part in the reconstruction. I believe that Turkey is able to take a role in the peace process in Iraq, for it would prove advantageous to both Ankara and Washington.? However, I do not think that Turkey should take a role in restructuring, for their presence would undermine the peace process.? A role for Turkey would be resented not only by the Kurds in northern Iraq, but by the Iraqis as a whole. The Kurds are concentrated in northern Iraq.? Though it would be incorrect to assume that the Kurds are indicative of the Iraqi people, the Kurds do constitute a sizable minority, which accounts for approximately twenty percent of Iraq?s population.[i]? The Kurds have been marginalized for hundreds of years, most notably after the Great Powers reneged on their guarantee in the 1920 Treaty of Sevres to establish an independent Kurdish state and in 1991 when George Bush Senior encouraged the Kurds to ?take matters into their own hands,? and rebel against Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party, only to withdraw from Iraq shortly thereafter.[ii]? The Kurds are justified in resenting their derogatory treatment.? They were, it is believed, the region?s original inhabitants, present in Iraq in the seventh century.[iii] The Kurds have been ruthlessly targeted by Saddam Hussein?s Ba?athist Party.? In 1975, the government in Baghdad initiated a process of ?Arabization? in northern Iraq, methodically exterminating the Kurdish population there.[iv] In 1988, the Anfal military campaign, led... ... Over Kurds. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 4 October 2003. [xxxv]? Purvis, Andrew.? ?Gathering Forces with Turkey. Time.? 10 February 2003: 23. [xxxvi]? ?Turkey?s Role Worries Kurds. The San Diego Union-Tribune.? 21 October 2003:? B2. [xxxvii]? ?The Battle for Northern Iraq. The Economist.? 22 March 2003. [xxxviii]? ?Turkey Moves Into Northern Iraq. APS Diplomat News Service.? 31 March 2003. [xxxix]? Ibid. [xl]? Gorvett, Jon.? ?Staking a Claim. The Middle East.? May 2003. [xli]? ?No Kurdish Imperialism for Us. The Economist.? 30 August 2003: 33. [xlii]? ?Kurds Block Turkish Mission. APS Diplomat Recorder.? 9 August 2003. [xliii]? Berenson, Alex.? ?The Struggle for Iraq. The New York Times.? 15 October 2003. [xliv]? Howard, Michael.? ?Kurds Say Turkish Troops Will Bring Chaos. The Observer.? 16 October 2003: 5. [xlv]?

Funny Memory

Funny Memory New Year is coming; many of my friends have made a plan of where to go and what to do. Some go to Taipei attending the countdown party nearby Taipei 101. Some go home to enjoy the delight wither their family, and so do I. It seems that everywhere is full of joyful atmosphere. However, I got a bad news recently that my mother told my father’s company asked him to be on a business trip to Indonesia for three weeks. I think it is pity that I cannot share the happiness of the New Year with my father.I remembered that when I was ten years old, I cried very hard as soon as I got the news that my father was asked to be on a business trip to China by his company for two months. At that time, I supposed that the business trip was just an excuse of my father. The real purpose was that he wanted to abandon the family and leave us alone. Therefore, I hugged his leg and begged my father not to go to China. I don’t know why I have such that stupid thought at that time.Ma ybe I saw much news about business men who go to china and have an affair with young girls in China and never come back to Taiwan again. I never forget this funny and embarrassed memory until now. Fortunately, my father came back to Taiwan safely at that time. And now he is still being a good father and does his best to give us a comfortable life and a warm home. I hope that my father will finish the business trip safely as usual. And I also look forward to sharing the trip with him.

Human Development Theories

Human Development Theories Introduction Cherry (2010) asserts that a child development which arises from the time of birth to adulthood was greatly overlooked throughout a great deal of the history of mankind. Essentially, children were appreciated as mare small version of adults and minimal concern was focused on the many improvements in their cognitive abilities, physical growth and language mastery.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Development Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, interest in child development started to crop up the early 20th century, and was aimed at elucidating abnormal behaviors. The proceeding paragraphs, describes just two of the theories on child development. Stages of cognitive growth based on Piaget’s theory of development. (Atherton, 2010) 1. The sensory-motor stage (birth – 2 yrs): According to Piaget, a normal newly born baby will reach a point where it will start to distinguish self from objects. This implies that the infant will begin to appreciate self as the mediator of an action, and start acting deliberately. For instance, shaking a rattle to produce a noise or pulling a cord to set an itinerant in motion. At some level, it attains object permanence whereby it starts realizing that things persist even when they are no more conscious of them. 2. The pre-operational stage (2 7 yrs): At the pre-operational stage, the child learns to exercise language and to characterize things by words and images. At this phase, thinking is still egocentric in the sense that he/she has problems with accommodating others’ views. Also, classification of things is by one feature; for instance, grouping all rectangle blocks in spite of color or all blue blocks in spite of their shapes. 3. The concrete operational stage ( 7 – 11 yrs):Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By this period, the child is able to think rationally concerning events and objects. He/she attains conservation of number, mass, and weight; at age 6, 7 and 9, respectively. Also, he/she classifies objects based on several features and can sequence them depending on a single characteristics such as size. 4. The formal operational stage (11 yrs and above): In this period, the child can think logically concerning abstract intentions, and examine hypothesis methodically. Also, she/he becomes apprehensive of ideological, hypothetical, and the future problems. Stages of cognitive growth based on Freud’s theory of psychosexual development Freud held the opinion that the development process of individuals constitutes five stages. However, Freud claims that many people fail to complete these stages because they tied up their libido at one stage, thereby hindering them from utilizing the energy at a later stage. Libido, in this context was used by Freud to signify sexua l and spiritual energy. These stages include; a. Oral phase stage (from birth up to 1 year): At this stage, the mouth acts as the center of attraction of a child’s libido. This stage is characterized by frustration for dependence on someone for something (Crain, 2005). Obsession at this phase may present as an abuse of oral stimulations such as eating, drinking or smoking. b. The anal phase of development (2-3 yrs):Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Development Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The individual are introduced to rules and regulations for the first time since they were familiarized with toilet instruction (Crain, 2005). This familiarity period helps determine the person’s future responses to rules and regulations. At this stage of development, the anus acts as the centre of attraction of the libido. In addition, the child is in the process of discovering novel complex motor. F urthermore, frustrations could result; from cognitive responses. Obsession during this stage translates to orderliness, stinginess, messiness, or stubbornness. Fundamental behaviors characterized by preservation and expulsion may be connected to the experiences during this stage. c. The phallic phase of development (4-5 yrs): Several developmentally crucial events, unique to boys and girls, happen during this phase. Below is a description of the aforementioned events: The Oedipus conflict: the occurrence of this conflict begins at a time when the boy child starts to feel sexually attracted to his mother. As a result, he views his father as an enemy, because he is also competing for the attention of the mother. He starts to dread the father’s suspicion about his lust for the mother and the imminent penalty by him for the lust. Spontaneously, the dreaded penalty is that of castration. The castration anxiety: this anxiety drives the boy child to the conclusion that the father h ates him, and may ultimately become excruciating leading to his renouncing of the feelings, and decision to compromise to his father hoping that one day he will develop affection with a different woman just like between his parents. Despite the similarity in the oral and anal phases of growth for both boy and girl (center of attention and affection being the mother), deviation in the focus occurs when the baby girl realizes her lack of penis, a phenomenon referred to as penis envy.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This causes her to despise her mother on realizing the lack of penis on her mother, while she becomes attracted to her father on the ground of his possession of the penis. Similarly, girls start to be suspicious of her mother’s (same sexuality) knowledge of her attraction towards her father and that the mother hates her for that. These feelings persist for sometimes until it reaches a point where she resents her feeling and chooses to side with the mother. d. The latency phase (7 yrs puberty): This period encroaches following the resolution of the Oedipus conflict and suppression of the feeling that developed during that episode. This phase is characterized by rest devoid of any developmental incidences. e. The genital phase: This phase of development starts from puberty and is characterized by development of the genitals and adaptation of libido to its true sexual purpose. Nevertheless, the feelings for the inverse sex cause anxiety since they remind them of the undesirable feelings they possessed towards their parents and the distress associated with them. Contrast and comparison between Piaget’s and Freud’s developmental theories Piaget’s theory describes a child development from the cognitive view point. He proposes that children patterns of thought differ from those of an adult. This he described in his stage theory on cognitive development. On the other hand Freud’s theory explains the child developmental stages from a psychosexual analytic perspective. Based on this theory a child development is explained as sequence of psychosexual phases; oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Every stage concerns the satisfaction of a libido and later determines the adult’s individuality (Cherry, 2010). A Piagetian –based education syllabus emphasizes a learner centered educational philosophy, which does not fit with the contemporary American school educational system including programmed instruction, teaching mach ines, tutor lectures, audio visual presentation, and demonstration. On the contrary Piaget advocates dynamic discovery learning atmosphere in education system. According to the theorist, children should be allowed to search out answers for themselves through questions, experiments, manipulation, and exploration (Wanda, 1988). Nevertheless, children should not be left to do as they please, instead teachers should be in position to evaluate the child’s current cognitive progress, including their strength and weakness. This theory commends for the personalization of the instructions for each student and the opportunity to debate and argue problems. He perceived tutors as the facilitators of knowledge by guiding and motivating the learners. The tutor should provide the students with resources, situations and occasion which help them to discern novel knowledge. Eventually, the teacher should express confidence in the child’s capability to learn by self (1988). According to Cherry (2010), Sigmund Freud’s theory produced shocking reactions following its introduction, and it continues to create debate and controversy particularly on the discipline of art, literature, psychology, anthropology and sociology. The terminology psychoanalysis refers to various aspects of Freud’s research and work including the Freudian therapy, and the methods he employed in his studies. Conclusion These theories sometimes are not a perfect match of the real life experiences a child passes. Besides, they do not sometimes accurately describe the exact events which happen in children lives. For instance according to a2zpsychology.com (2006), some limitations to Freud’s psychosexual development theory exist. The theory cannot be tested with ease, and the evidence collected to proof it is invalid. Additionally, the crucial events such as how the libido is applied lack makers and are not measurable. Again, a long period between the onset of the underlying stimu lus and the supposed consequence; weakness and inconsistency between early events and the future traits undermines the theory. Finally, the theory was developed from the studies of psychotic persons while not from studying children. Similarly, gathered evidence on Piaget’s theory depicts it as overly rigid, since many children have been proven to attain actual operations earlier than theorized, and some individuals completely may fail to attain recognized operations. However, Piaget’s theory forms the foundation for the school of cognitive constructivism where it seem more relevant (Atherton, 2010). Reference List Atherton, J. S (2010). Learning and Teaching; Piagets developmental theory Piagets Developmental Theory. Cherry, K. (2010). Child development theories: major theories of child development. Crain, W. (2005). Theories of development: Concepts and application (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, (2010). Stevens on, D. B. (2001). Freud’s psychosexual stages of Development. October 19, 2010, from The Victorian web; literature, history, culture in the age of  Victoria Wanda, G .Y. (1988). Jean Piaget’s –Intellectual development.

Capstone Project Essays

Capstone Project Essays Capstone Project Essay Capstone Project Essay Introduction The usage of web services is increasing the direction sum of Cu and fibre cabling. This consequences in an of all time increasing work load that must be maintained or reconfigured ; ensuing in challenges to organisational profitableness. One of the challenges that arises is how does an decision maker maintain a complex work environment when increased net incomes. fewer capital and operating resources are limited. One might propose turning a complex web substructure requires operation efficiency with a desire to pull off and protect overseas telegrams without disrupting the work flow for clients. However. given the challenges impacting radio service suppliers ; keeping focal point and quality are merely the basicss. The decision maker is limited to the organisations profitableness and cost discrepancy when finding the best attack. These factors play a function which will probably impact the substructure as a whole. It is interesting plenty to indicate out that towards the position of a web decision maker ; an issue should stay hibernating and should neer go on when the proper deductions are set in topographic point. However. because we live in an intractable universe the possibility for a scenario is plausible. Finishing touch Proposal Summary As a voluntary for a web security study for Aon Corp ; the undermentioned study was designed to indicate out exposures within the organisational web waiters specifically under the surety office location where category mates utilizing workstations were sing thwarting issues refering to web instability. The study was intended to place on whether security deductions were required so that an upgrade petition may be delivered. A staff meeting was set in topographic point where we interviewed the client sing their demands. It is ever a good pick to understand the cardinal demands of the client prior to doing any alterations to the web. After passing several hours brainstorming the client’s demands a solution has been reached. The undertaking scene has been laid out clearly. During my timeframe questioning the client I have gained the necessary background cognition to understand my client’s visions constructing a strong common connexion. Understanding this connexion has entitled me to name the web consequently. As a portion of the study Aon Corp has several demands prior to leaping into the undertaking. First it was compulsory to inspect the lower limit system demands of the client machines. In the past latency issues have derived chiefly to out of day of the month hardware or device drivers as opposed to a security breach. It is ever a wise pick to update these constellations while running the appropriate operating system updates which may all be lending factors. During the prerequisite phase of the study the needed information is gathered to develop an effectual web study which would relieve resource restraint. Rational A ; Systems Analysis It is ever a wise pick to research similar instance surveies that may supply good information associating to similar scenarios. I have done as such edifice my apprehension of these scenarios which has a given me some background to my clients concerns. Several user friendly applications have offered me assistance analysing security cringle holes. They are the Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer ( MBSA ) and Windows Server Update Services ( WSUS ) . With conformity to the Microsoft web site ; the Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer is a user friendly tool emphasized for technicians with a focal point on helping medium sized concerns. The tool focuses on the security province of the web with conformity to Microsoft recommendations supplying guidelines and support. The user may download Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer ( MBSA ) from Microsoft. com as it is a well-known tool for all IT technicians. Once the tool has been successfully installed the decision maker has the ability to scan multiple terminal users on the local web median. Upon completion of the scan the user is delivered a study foregrounding possible menaces along with losing updates. Some of these updates may include losing application spots. operations system updates. and advised the user on whether a Windows firewall is running. MBSA has the ability to analyze administrative histories along with watchword policies. See Figure A for illustration. Figure A As engineering progresss. administrative technicians need to set to the challenges in front. Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer is a great tool to keep the unity of your web substructure. Scott Lowe ( 2004 ) . a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer. said the following sing the Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer: Supporting a immense figure of Microsoft applications. MBSA can function you in two ways. First. it will assist you maintain your waiters protected from jobs ; 2nd. with powerful describing capablenesss. it can assist you really larn why you need to make the things that are suggested so you can do an educated determination as to whether something is an acceptable hazard in your environment. Undertaking Goals and Aims The nonsubjective towards the following undertaking was to originate a program to upgrade Aon Corp web substructure relieving latency issues better bettering the efficiency and flow of informations across the web median. A current unstable web prolonged concern growing capacity doing it hard for terminal users to use resources efficaciously. Without the indispensable resources company growing was at a constriction. Interrupting down the ends and aims for the undermentioned undertaking was indispensable in supplying a redress to the issue. they are as follows: Client must have a current system image snapshot -Survey of a workstation must be documented -Survey of a waiter must be documented -Microsoft Baseline Security tool must be run salvaging each workstation along with the waiter A scheduled protocol program must be provided jointing inside informations for the client on overall public presentation and web stableness. Client must be advised of a elaborate schematic for preventive steps along with upkeep Client must be given an instructional manual for pull offing updates related to the operating system and antivirus package Client must be given an estimation on productiveness along with return of investing In order to show the deliverables to the client ; a solid cardinal apprehension of the clients demands must be developed. Geting a background apprehension is indispensable in order to understand the concern procedure and what the client wants to accomplish out of their web substructure. Without understanding the large image the undertaking would surely neglect. Pre-SurveyClientMeeting The end and aim here was to originate a meeting with the client to discourse the concern orientation and the procedure dealingss to their workstations. The clients company being a preparation establishment ; certain package was required in order for the house to accomplish their concern ends. The applications required minimal system eyeglasses in order to run expeditiously. During the preliminary stage of the meeting the concern theoretical account and ends were discussed. Operational hours were taken into consideration as a set agenda was established for executing the study. As the meeting came to an terminal a study schematic was brought to the client’s attending in order to cipher return on investing upon undertaking completion ( mention to Appendix 2 ) . The success of the meeting was met and the first aim was complete. Upon the completion of the study the client was provided with an feasible program puting out the inside informations of the ascent and preventive steps. However. the full executing will be assist outside the Capstone ; it will be the cardinal high spot to the success of the concern ends. Network Security Survey As a requirement to the study several spreadsheets holding been compiled for capturing images of informations ( refer to Appendix 3 along with Appendix 4 ) . The first papers entitles end user computing machines and 2nd focal points on waiters. As for the MBSA scans for each workstation ; a thumb thrust was used to salvage the consequences. Prior to get downing the study an update was brought to my attending from the client that others may be working on these end-user machines as good. Because of my failure to follow through during the phone meeting advising of the clip agenda. I needed to reach the other decision makers reding them of my presence. Fortunately. as I arrived at the designated undertaking site there were many computing machines to study. I began to study the end-user machines non being surveyed. About 3 proceedingss elapsed for each workstation to study ; running Microsoft Baseline Security ( MBSA ) took about 11 proceedingss. Unfortunately. I have missed my end of making the estimated figure of computing machines being studies as discussed in the preliminary meeting. The study elapsed more clip than I have predicted. On the other manus it was pleasant to cognize that the other decision makers finished their part of the undertaking merely in clip before I got to them. Surveying the workstations went harmonizing to agenda. nevertheless. as I approached the waiters several jobs aroused. The list of watchwords the client provided did non incorporate the right characters as I attempted to log into the sphere accountant. The proprietor has left the edifice and was unable to accomplish my end with appraising the waiters as planned therefore go forthing my web security study incomplete. The undermentioned twenty-four hours the proprietor has been contacted and a scheduled return visit was planned. As the sphere accountant was surveyed ; the security web portion of the study has been successfully completed. Despite the minor issues the study went flawless ; I would hold followed through with the client more expeditiously if the same scenario would hold repeated itself. The coveted end has been achieved and a information image has been captured so the proposal ascent can be finalized. Proposal Upgrade Preparation The ascent proposal was designed to incorporate the undermentioned suggestions. Configuration of the Domain accountant Configuration of the waiter Configuration of the workstation Suggestions for Malware/Antivirus Report for ROI Security usher for the end-user Timeline of Ascent As premises specifying the web constellation have been made. Unknowingly an premise was made that the sphere accountant is established as the default gateway. DNS and DHCP waiter. I came to understand that their substructure was split into four subnets. ISA waiter was in between the ISP playing as NAT. DNS. DHCP. and RRAS server. Logically understanding that their sphere accountant was their default gateway. DHCP. and DNS server ; the services were contained on the internal web. Failing to understand the possibility of a web margin my premises were wrong. Finally I was able to finish each undertaking point provided above ; a presentation with the client would finalise this part of the undertaking. The undertaking was completed. nevertheless. non within the coveted timeframe. Presentation Proposal As the completion of the proposal has been achieved a client meeting has been scheduled. The docket of the meeting is as follows: 1. Discoursing study consequences ( web province ) 2. Hardware treatment / package suggestions 3. Projected ROI and cost 4. Questions 5. Agenda execution Despite the presentation enduring 2 hours it was a success. Proper be aftering along with a satisfying web study were the predecessors taking to this success. The web study went really smooth and efficient. The proposal was straight to the point and meaningful for the client. As the undermentioned end completed and the deliverables presented to the client undertaking completion has been achieved. Due to the clients satisfactions with the deliverables the undertaking has moved frontward to the following part of the upgrade stage. Undertaking Timeline The timeline of the undertaking was compiled utilizing a Gantt chart from the package Microsoft Office Undertaking 2012. The undertaking program along with the inside informations are listed in Figure B. As indicated in Figure B. the undertaking clip frame was expected to take 238 yearss. Several countries took clip restraint. First the web study as antecedently indicated where I failed to follow through with the client after the preliminary stage of the meeting. This resulted in the client scheduling pupils on campus on the same timeframe as the study. Fortunately. there were adequate end-user computing machines to execute the study. In clip the balance of the pupils have left the edifice liberating up those workstations every bit good. Forgeting to acquire a verification of the sum of workstations at the preliminary meeting indivertibly resulted in my underestimate of the sum of clip it would take to study the entire sum of workstations. The client watchword list for the sphere accountants portrayed to be the lone job I have run into when executing the study ensuing in a reverse. Because I have forgotten to bespeak the undermentioned information from the client ; the study was reverse from the estimated clip for completion ; ensuing in a twenty-four hours reverse. Roll uping the proposal was another undertaking that was miscalculated. Fortunately. I was able to finalise the undertaking in one twenty-four hours therefore maintaining the undertaking within the restraints of the timeline. Client satisfaction was the ultimate end as they were really thankful. It is expected that situations as such will non ever go consequently to program ; nevertheless. without the clients back up the undertaking would non hold gone as smooth. Planing a larger border while taking a less aggressive attitude at the preliminary meeting would hold avoided such issues. Undertaking Development During the preliminary development of the undermentioned undertaking. Aon Corps web substructure was heading in an unknown way refering to its economic success. Instabilities in their security policy. workstations were exponentially acquiring slower each twenty-four hours. Students along with examiners were losing hope in the unity of the company. Their mentality was impacting public presentation along with concern net income chances. The undertaking I was assigned to go around around constructing a concern by updating their web substructure to a degree of efficiency. The concentration of the undertaking focused on executing an upgrade solution that would supply this efficiency to the client. Original snapshots of the web were based in the ascent proposal program which was used to optimise the web. The optimum end of the undertaking was to implement a web substructure that would be unafraid. Just like all jobs issues aroused during the patterned advance of the undertaking. Students were scheduled to be in the edifice at the clip of the study ; a work about was developed as I was able to impede another schoolroom. Upon completion of the workstations I was able to come back to the student’s schoolroom which was cleared. Rearranging the order of the computing machines that have been surveyed the issue was concealed. Another state of affairs that derived during development happened when I discovered that the client has given me the wrong sphere accountant watchword list which did non incorporate the waiter administrative watchwords. The deficiency of the undermentioned information would hold decidedly resulted in the undertaking weakness. Rescheduling the visit with the proprietor has alleviated this scenario. Unfortunately. because of the rescheduling the timeline has been pushed back forestalling me from finishing the undertaking within the completion period. Expecting that the web sphere accountant would be a configured as a default gateway. Premises were proven incorrect and the constellation procedure to longer than expected. Due to an ISA waiter on the web margin alterations to the constellations proposal had to be made. Making an ROI study was another unforeseen event that was requested upon the client. Determining the pecuniary cost was hard when comparing the proposed and current web conditions. Consequently. alterations had to be made to the client inquiry concern study to help me in these computations. Gracefully. the client was able to hold upon these footings. Actual and Potential Effectss Majority of the undermentioned subdivision will concentrate on possible effects due to the undertaking being a proposal. The undertaking effects can be conceived by bespeaking that the client had a clear position towards the web substructure and how in its old province it has manipulated concern continuity. The client experienced the old province and was provided with a conventional to the current stable province. Empowering the client with the inside informations supplying them with a clear apprehension influenced them to take action therefore altering their web substructure to one that works expeditiously. The possible positives to the undermentioned program are as follows. Should the client comply with the proposal supplying the solution to their web ; they will be rewarded with a web that is optimally configured. This will ensue in web runing efficiency and concern procedures will keep its unity. Less schoolroom breaks will elicit related to workstation issues. Students taking trials will be less defeated due to server clangs along with workstations. Customer assurance in Aon corp will increase. The potency of concern growing will ensue from the following undertaking. There will be an easiness of urgency related to web related issues. The organisation can now concentrate on its concern theoretical account concentrating on their clients. Decision The finishing touch portrayed to be exciting yet disputing supplying to be honoring every bit good. In footings of ends and aims I believe that it was successful. Client satisfaction has been achieved as each end and object has been delivered. The ground why it was so successful and effectual is due to the methodical planning prior to the induction of the undertaking. The necessity of readying along with the preliminary client meetings has given me the cardinal understand on how to get down constructing the undertaking. Constructing a program has given me an effectual tool to present the clients outlooks. Attention to detail along with effectual communicating were advantage points that designed an effectual proposal. The client was efficient in being proactive by understanding the job at point and showing their concerns. Together a proposed program has been derived that would move as a roadmap to that optimum web substructure. Flexibility and client forbearance played an of import function during the hiccup minutes of the undertaking. The ability to find alternate paths in an event of hitting a wall is indispensable to the success of any undertaking. As the undertaking director it was my pleasance to accomplish the client’s deliverables along with the satisfaction that they genuinely deserve. Mentions Keystone Strategy. Inc Study ( 2005 ) . Why IT Matters in Midsized Firms. Retrieved January 31. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. key inc. com/it_matters. shtml. Lowe. Scott ( 2004 ) . Verify security scenes on Windows XP utilizing Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer 1. 2. Retrieved June 23. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //articles. techrepublic. com. com/5100-1035_11-5221961. hypertext markup language. Microsoft ( 2007 ) . City of Stratford Brings Down the Curtain on its Legacy System with Server Upgrade. Retrieved June 23. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microsoft. com/canada/casestudies/cityofstratford. mspx. Microsoft ( 2007 ) . Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer. Retrieved June 23. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microsoft. com/technet/Security/tools/mbsahome. mspx. Microsoft ( 2007 ) . Windows Vista Capable and Premium Ready PCs. Retrieved January 31. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microsoft. com/windows/products/windowsvista/buyorupgr ade/capable. mspx. Sherman. Erik ( 2007 ) . Investing in IT for a Competitive Edge. Retrieved January 31. 2007. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microsoft. com/business/momentum/content/article. aspx? c Appendix 1: Finishing touch Competency Matrix The alumnus responds suitably to diverseness issues in the workplace. Implements an intuitive apprehension of cultural and spiritual backgrounds ; open to sentiments in an effort to understand diverse positions within the organisation. Upper Division Collegiate Level Reasoning and Problem Solving The alumnus analyzes open-ended jobs by larning about the job and measuring the truth and relevancy of different Quality control is effectual at finding common happenings in issues ; hence. updating rules/protocols alleviate the issue at point. Upper Division Collegiate Level Reasoning and Problem Solving The alumnus recognizes the value of critical thought in placing and understanding the implicit in constructions of subjects and professions. Organizational issues are apathetic each twenty-four hours ; critical thought along with brainstorming are indispensable in order to research a declaration to debatable issues. Upper Division Collegiate Level Reasoning and Problem Solving The alumnus demonstrates effectual presentational communicating schemes in a given context. Applies test and mistake to mime the job ; so applies extended research in making a solution to the issue. The research along with the job is so logged as grounds for future claims. Language and Communication The alumnus applies foundational elements of effectual communicating Communicates efficaciously in a nerve-racking environment supplying attending to item. Language and Communication The alumnus demonstrates effectual presentational communicating schemes in a given context. Evaluates graphical representation package to find a defect or an instability in performance/security of the organisation. Security The alumnus identifies and discusses basic constructs of security and security menaces. and recommends security processs. Implements a secure environment for each single client Personal computer ; educating users on the importance of possible menaces to web security. Security The alumnus identifies security demands and recommends appropriate security patterns for web substructure. Educates staff on the importance of implementing sufficient tools and policies in an effort to protect the unity of informations important to the organisation substructure.